Journeyman Electrician Exam Prep: Key Topics to Master

Passing the journeyman electrician exam is a critical milestone in an electrician’s career, but with pass rates varying significantly by state and sometimes proving challenging, comprehensive journeyman test prep is essential for success. For example, the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation reported a pass rate of 27.86% for the 2024 fiscal year, while Minnesota’s rates have been between 35% and 48% in recent years. A successful strategy involves more than just field experience; it requires a deep understanding of core topics, proficiency in navigating the National Electrical Code (NEC), and sharp calculation skills. Key areas of focus for any journeyman exam prep plan should include mastering electrical theory, AC/DC motors, and complex calculations for topics like conductor sizing, voltage drop, and box fill. Because most exams are open-book, knowing how to quickly find information in the NEC handbook is arguably the most critical skill. Effective electrical training online can provide the structured review and journeyman practice test experience needed to pass on the first attempt and move on to the next stage of your professional career.

Understanding the Journeyman Exam Format

While exam specifics vary by state, most journeyman exams consist of 80-100 multiple-choice questions with a time limit of three to four hours. For instance, the ICC National Standard Journeyman Electrician (G17) exam, used in several jurisdictions, is an 80-question, four-hour test. Similarly, states like Texas and Kentucky specify an 80-question exam with a four-hour time limit. The exam is almost universally based on the National Electrical Code (NEC), making the NEC handbook your most valuable tool. The good news is that most exams are open-book, meaning you can bring a copy of the relevant NEC edition with you. However, do not mistake “open-book” for “easy.” The time constraints are tight, and you will not have time to learn concepts during the test. Success depends on your ability to quickly locate specific articles and tables within the codebook.

Before you begin studying, it is crucial to confirm with your state’s licensing board which edition of the NEC is being used for the test. States adopt new NEC versions at different paces; some may use the 2023 NEC, while others might still be on the 2020 or even 2017 edition. Studying the wrong codebook is a recipe for failure. Additionally, some jurisdictions may include questions on local amendments, so always check for state-specific rules.

Core Topic 1: Mastering the National Electrical Code (NEC)

Your ability to navigate the NEC handbook efficiently is the single most important factor in passing the journeyman exam. The test is designed to assess your code knowledge, not your memory. Focus your journeyman test prep on understanding the structure of the codebook and how to use the index to find answers quickly. Many successful test-takers use tabs to mark critical sections like major articles, calculation tables, and frequently referenced pages.

Key NEC Articles to Focus On:

• General Requirements (Articles 90-110): These chapters cover foundational rules, definitions (Article 100), and requirements for electrical installations, such as working space clearances.
• Wiring and Protection (Articles 200-250): This is a heavily tested section covering branch circuits, feeders, overcurrent protection, and the critical rules for grounding and bonding. A solid grasp of grounding electrode conductor sizing is essential.
• Wiring Methods and Materials (Articles 300-398): Expect questions on conductor and raceway installation, box fill calculations, and proper support for different wiring methods.
• Equipment for General Use (Articles 400-490): This section includes vital information on everything from flexible cords and lighting fixtures to appliances, heating equipment, and motor controls.

Recent exam questions increasingly focus on significant changes in the latest NEC editions. For example, those testing on the 2023 NEC should pay close attention to the major updates in GFCI protection requirements for kitchens and other areas (Article 210.8) and changes to dwelling unit load calculations. You can learn more about how the 2023 NEC changes dwelling unit load calculations with our expert guide on the topic.

Core Topic 2: Essential Electrical Calculations

While code look-up questions are numerous, you must also be proficient in performing the calculations that are fundamental to safe and compliant electrical work. These questions require you to first identify the correct NEC article or table and then apply a formula to solve a practical problem. Utilizing online electrical training courses can be an excellent way to refresh these skills.

Step-by-Step Guide to Box Fill Calculations:

One of the most common calculations you will encounter is for box fill. Let’s walk through the process using NEC Article 314.16.

1. Count the Conductors: Count each conductor that originates outside the box and terminates or is spliced within it as one conductor.
2. Account for Devices: For each yoke or strap containing one or more devices (like a switch or receptacle), add two conductor allowances for each yoke or strap per NEC 314.16(B)(4), based on the largest conductor connected to the device.
3. Add for Clamps and Support Fittings: Add a single volume allowance for all internal cable clamps combined, based on the largest conductor in the box. Add another single allowance if the box contains support fittings (like fixture studs or hickeys).
4. Count Equipment Grounding Conductors: Add a single volume allowance for all equipment grounding conductors combined, based on the largest EGC present.
5. Determine Conductor Volume: Use Table 314.16(B) to find the volume (in cubic inches) for each conductor size you are working with.
6. Calculate Total Volume: Multiply the counts from the steps above by the corresponding volume from the table to find the total required volume for the box.
7. Select the Box: Choose a box with a cubic inch capacity (often stamped inside) that is equal to or greater than your calculated total volume.

Other critical calculations to master include ampacity adjustments for conductors, voltage drop, motor breaker sizing, and service and equipment load calculations. Our course on how the 2023 NEC simplifies motor conductor sizing and protection device selection can provide a deeper dive into these complex topics. Find it here.

Core Topic 3: Special Occupancies and Equipment

A significant portion of your exam will likely cover specialized installations. These questions test your ability to apply the code in environments with unique risks or requirements. Being prepared for these topics can be the difference between passing and failing.

Important specialized topics include:

• Hazardous Locations (Articles 500-517): Understanding the classification of hazardous environments (Class I, II, and III) and the specific wiring methods and equipment required is crucial.
• Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers (Article 430): This is one of the largest and most complex articles in the NEC. Be prepared for questions on conductor sizing, overload protection, and disconnect requirements for various motor applications.
• Special Occupancies (Articles 518-590): This includes places like health care facilities, theaters, commercial garages, agricultural buildings, and temporary installations, each with its own set of rules.
• Service and Equipment (Articles 230 & 250): This covers service conductors, overhead and underground installations, and the critical rules for grounding and bonding. Knowing how to correctly perform grounding electrode conductor sizing is a frequent test topic. Learn about the latest rule changes with our lesson on grounding electrode conductor sizing in the 2023 NEC.

Passing your exam is a significant achievement that requires dedicated preparation. With a solid study plan focused on these core areas, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle the challenge. Pass your exam the first time with ExpertCE’s comprehensive Journeyman Test Prep courses.

Primary Sources

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for the National Electrical Code (NEC)
• International Code Council (ICC)
• State and local electrical licensing boards (e.g., Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry)
• Third-party exam administrators (e.g., PSI)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best way to prepare for the journeyman test?

The most effective journeyman test prep involves a multi-faceted approach. Start by confirming the correct NEC edition for your state’s exam. Then, focus on learning to navigate the NEC handbook quickly using tabs and highlighting. Supplement code study with high-quality online electrical training courses that include numerous journeyman practice test questions to simulate the real exam environment.

How many questions are about load calculations on the exam?

While the exact number varies by jurisdiction, load calculations are a significant and recurring topic. For example, the ICC G17 exam outline allocates 11% of questions to “Services and Service Equipment” and 4% to “Feeders,” both of which heavily involve load calculations. You should be prepared to answer multiple questions covering residential and commercial load calculations for branch circuits, feeders, and services. Mastery of Articles 220 is essential for success.

Is the journeyman exam open book?

Yes, most journeyman electrician exams are open book, allowing you to bring a copy of the NEC handbook into the testing center. However, rules can vary by state regarding whether the book can have notes or permanent tabs, so it is vital to check with your local testing authority beforehand.

What electrical theory do I need to know for the journeyman exam?

Exams typically include a section on basic electrical theory. You should have a firm understanding of Ohm’s Law, series and parallel circuits, the power formula (Watt’s Law), and the principles behind AC/DC motors and transformers. These questions test your foundational knowledge.