Understanding NEC 2023 GFCI Rule Changes (Section 210.8 Explained)

The Bottom Line: What Are the New NEC 2023 GFCI Requirements?

The NEC 2023 GFCI requirements in Section 210.8 represent a significant expansion of personnel protection, moving beyond the familiar 15‑ and 20‑ampere receptacle rules. The most critical change is the new voltage‑based requirement: GFCI protection is now mandatory for all 125‑volt through 250‑volt receptacles supplied by single‑phase branch circuits rated 150 volts or less to ground in the locations listed by the Code. This replaces the previous amperage‑based language for the receptacle‑type wording.

Furthermore, NEC 2023 broadens the scope of GFCI protection in both dwelling units (210.8(A)) and other than dwelling units (210.8(B))—notably clarifying application to areas defined as kitchens by Article 100. Be aware that the Code also includes narrow exceptions for specific, dedicated heating or industrial equipment and other narrowly scoped cases; always review the exception text in 210.8 when evaluating an installation.

Finally, a major addition is Section 210.8(F) Outdoor Outlets, which requires GFCI protection for outdoor outlets supplied by single‑phase branch circuits rated 150 volts or less to ground and 50 amperes or less. The Code uses the term “outlet,” which includes receptacles and other points where current is taken to supply utilization equipment—so hard‑wired outdoor equipment can also be affected. There are limited exceptions in the Code text (including narrow product‑specific exceptions), so verify those before concluding an outlet is exempt.

A Master Electrician’s Guide to NEC Section 210.8

As a certified CE instructor, I’ve seen how Code changes can create confusion on the job site. The updates to NEC 210.8 (GFCI Protection for Personnel) in the 2023 cycle are some of the most impactful we’ve seen, directly affecting daily installation practices. These aren’t minor tweaks; they are foundational shifts in how we protect people from electrical shock hazards.

For decades, Ground‑Fault Circuit‑Interrupter (GFCI) protection has been a cornerstone of electrical safety. The tireless work of Code Making Panel 2 (CMP‑2) continues to refine these rules based on incident data and evolving technology. The 2023 changes reflect a clear intent to close loopholes and extend protection into areas previously left uncovered. Let’s break down what you, the professional electrician, need to know to ensure every installation is safe and compliant.

Key Changes in NEC 2023 Section 210.8

The core of the NEC 2023 vs 2020 changes for GFCIs lies in three areas: the shift from amperage‑style wording to a voltage‑to‑ground approach, the expansion of locations in both dwelling and non‑dwelling units, and the introduction of a new provision for many outdoor outlets.

Expanded Voltage Range: 125‑Volt Through 250‑Volt Receptacles

Perhaps the most sweeping change is the revision of the introductory text in 210.8(A) and (B). The 2020 NEC specified GFCI protection for “125‑volt, single‑phase, 15‑ and 20‑ampere receptacles.” The 2023 NEC now requires that GFCI protection be provided for 125‑volt through 250‑volt receptacles installed in the Code‑specified locations when those receptacles are supplied by single‑phase branch circuits rated 150 volts or less to ground.

That change can affect many branch circuits and device types that previously were not covered by the 15/20‑ampere wording—so expect additional two‑pole GFCI breakers and listed device choices on jobs that mix 120‑ and 240‑volt loads in the listed locations.

210.8(A) Dwelling Units: New Locations and Clarifications

Section 210.8(A) for Dwelling Units continues to list familiar locations such as bathrooms, garages, and outdoors, but the 2023 wording expands the voltage range and clarifies application. Note in particular the Code’s application to kitchens: Article 100’s definition of “Kitchen” (an area with a sink and permanent provisions for food preparation and cooking) is what defines the space for GFCI application—so verify the space meets that definition before assuming coverage.

Also important: GFCI protection is required for receptacles within specified distances of sinks (the Code uses the 6‑ft horizontal measure from the top inside edge of the bowl), which clarifies coverage for receptacles near sinks that fall outside traditional kitchen or bathroom boundaries.

210.8(B) Other Than Dwelling Units: A Broader Scope for Commercial Work

The rules for non‑dwelling locations in 210.8(B) follow the same voltage‑to‑ground and branch‑circuit rating pattern. Commercial kitchens and other similar spaces that meet the Article 100 definition for kitchens should be treated as requiring GFCI protection for the 125–250 V receptacles that serve them, provided the branch circuit meets the voltage‑to‑ground and ampere rating criteria. Likewise, receptacles near sinks, aquariums, bait wells, and other water‑associated equipment in commercial settings are explicitly within the list of locations.

These expansions underscore NEC’s principle: where electricity and water can come together, personnel protection must be evaluated.

The Big One: 210.8(F) Outdoor Outlets

The new Section 210.8(F) Outdoor Outlets requires GFCI protection for outdoor outlets supplied by single‑phase branch circuits rated 150 volts or less to ground and 50 amperes or less. Because the Code uses “outlet,” this includes receptacles and other points where current is taken to supply equipment. As a result, many hard‑wired outdoor devices (for example, some motors and controllers) can fall within the new protection requirement.

IMPORTANT: the Code text does include narrow exceptions for certain listed equipment and dedicated heating or industrial circuits, and it contains a temporary exception for some listed HVAC equipment (check the exception language and any expiration dates). Those exceptions are specific and limited—always confirm the exact Code wording when you evaluate a job.

Step‑by‑Step: Applying the New 210.8(F) Outdoor Outlet Rule

Determining whether GFCI is required for an outdoor outlet at a dwelling unit can be done systematically. Follow this process for every outdoor outlet you install at a dwelling:

1. Identify the Outlet Type: Is it a receptacle or a hard‑wired connection point (for example, a disconnect or junction box for an outdoor unit)? Under 210.8(F), “outlet” can include both.
2. Check the Voltage‑to‑Ground and Phase: Is the branch circuit single‑phase and does the voltage to ground meet the “150 volts or less to ground” criterion? For most residential single‑phase split systems, the voltage‑to‑ground for 240 V loads on a 120/240 split system is 120 V to ground and will meet this criterion.
3. Verify the Branch‑Circuit Rating: Is the branch circuit and its overcurrent protective device rated 50 amperes or less? If so, the branch circuit falls inside the ampere cutoff in 210.8(F).
4. Review Exceptions: Check whether the outlet is covered by a specific exception in 210.8 (for example, dedicated pipeline/vessel heating, listed industrial heating appliances, or the limited HVAC exception). If an exception applies in the Code text, that will change the requirement.
5. Provide GFCI Protection When Required: If steps 1–3 are met and no exception applies, provide listed GFCI protection. This can be accomplished by a GFCI branch‑circuit breaker, a listed GFCI device, or another listed method that protects the outlet; the protective device must be placed and maintained so that its testing and reset are readily accessible per Code requirements.

Key Considerations for Electrical Inspection Compliance

Navigating these new NEC 2023 GFCI requirements means being prepared for inspections. Keep these points in mind to avoid red tags and project delays:

• Nuisance Tripping Concerns: The expansion to a wider voltage range and many outdoor motors has raised legitimate concerns about nuisance tripping. Use listed, application‑appropriate devices and consider motor‑rated GFCI protection options when motors are involved. Some motor or drive designs and certain installations may require specific listed solutions to avoid nuisance trips; consult device literature and the AHJ if needed.
• Readily Accessible Location: GFCI devices, whether breakers or receptacles, must be installed and maintained so their test/reset functions are readily accessible. Avoid placing a required GFCI where the operator cannot reach it to reset without tools or without exposing themselves to hazards.
• Dual‑Function AFCI/GFCI Devices: Many dwelling‑unit locations that now require GFCI protection also require AFCI protection in other parts of the code. In those spaces, a dual‑function device or an appropriately coordinated solution may be the easiest route to compliance. Our state‑approved continuing education lessons such as how nec updated gfci requirements. can help clarify these overlapping rules.
• Tamper‑Resistant Receptacles: Remember that GFCI requirements are in addition to other device requirements. Where tamper‑resistant receptacles are required (for example in dwelling unit general areas), use devices that meet both the GFCI protection and tamper‑resistant requirements.

Mastering the nuances of these GFCI updates is essential for professional electricians. To dive deeper and stay current with all the other critical revisions, you can learn more with ExpertCE’s NEC 2023 lessons. Our courses are designed by electricians, for electricians, to make complex Code clear and usable in the field.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What are the main NEC 2023 GFCI requirements?

The main NEC 2023 GFCI requirements expand GFCI protection to receptacles and other outlets (125‑volt through 250‑volt) in the listed locations when supplied by single‑phase branch circuits rated 150 volts or less to ground, and they add a requirement for many outdoor outlets at dwellings on circuits rated 50 amperes or less. Consult the actual 210.8 text and its exceptions for full detail.

Does NEC 210.8(B) now apply to all receptacles in a commercial kitchen?

NEC 210.8(B) requires GFCI protection for 125‑volt through 250‑volt receptacles in the specified locations for other‑than‑dwelling units, so receptacles in commercial kitchens that meet the Article 100 definition of “kitchen” and that are supplied by qualifying branch circuits generally fall within 210.8(B). Always confirm the exact circuit characteristics and any listed‑equipment or other exceptions that might apply.

Why did the NEC change GFCI rules for outdoor outlets in 2023?

The new rule in 210.8(F) for many outdoor outlets was adopted to address documented shock incidents involving outdoor hard‑wired equipment and receptacles. CMP‑2 expanded protection to reduce risk where electricity and weather exposure create hazards, while retaining targeted exceptions for specific, limited situations.

Can I use a GFCI circuit breaker instead of a GFCI receptacle?

Yes. The NEC requires listed GFCI protection but not the exact method. A GFCI circuit breaker is commonly used and protects the entire branch circuit, including downstream outlets and hard‑wired points. Ensure the solution is listed for the application and that the device is readily accessible for testing and resetting.